Hyperthyroidism

Hyperthyroidism is characterised by increased thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion from the thyroid gland, whereas thyrotoxicosis refers to the clinical syndrome of excess circulating thyroid hormones, irrespective of the source. The most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, followed by toxic nodular goitre. Other important causes of thyrotoxicosis include thyroiditis, iodine-induced and drug-induced thyroid dysfunction, and factitious ingestion of excess thyroid hormones

Symptoms

• Weight loss despite increased appetite
• heat-related symptoms (heat intolerance, sweating, and polydipsia)
• Tremor, nervousness, anxiety, fatigue, weakness, disturbed sleep, poor concentration
• Palpitations
• Dyspnoea, shortness of breath
• Hyperdefecation; nausea, vomiting
• Increased perspiration
• Menstrual disturbances
• Diplopia, sense of irritation in the eyes, eyelid swelling, retro-orbital pain or discomfort